John Biggs’ “Constructive Alignment” is an example of outcomes-based education (OBE) and widely used by Higher education in western countries and Hong Kong.  

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The framework of constructive alignment (Biggs, 1996) focuses on three key elements of curriculum design: 

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• Intended learning outcomes - what should the students know or be able to do? 

• Teaching and learning activities - how will the students learn? 

• Assessment - how will learning be measured? 

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The framework of constructive alignment by LSE  

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John Biggs’ personal website